Courses Wayne State University College of Urban, Labor, and Metropolitan Affairs (CULMA) Department of Interdisciplinary Studies (IS) Computers and Society courses, Winter 2003 (Bowen) at blackboard.wayne.edu Wednesdays, 6 - 9:40 PM in Computer Classroom 16 at WACC Computers and Society     GST 2710, Section 986, CRN 25072, 4 credits Computers and Society     AGS 3360, Section 986, CRN 25009, 4 credits Office hours: Wednesdays 5 - 6 PM at WACC	Instructor
	David R. Bowen 2311 A/AB Wayne State University Detroit, MI 48202	Daytime tel: (313) 577-1498 Evening tel: (248) 549-8518 FAX: (313) 577-8585 Home Page:     http://www.cll.wayne.edu/isp/drbowen Email: d.r.bowen@wayne.edu

Last updated: 2/19/03

Sixth class: Agenda 6
Wednesday February 19

1. Announcements:
   1. The Midterm is in 2 weeks, on March 6. It will be 90 minutes at the start of class. The list of topics for the Midterm is a handout tonight. Next week (February 26) we will have a one-hour review of the midterm topics during the second hour of class. Note that this will not be enough time to review all of the topics (even the full class would not be enough time). Therefore, look the topics over, and come to class prepared to ask about the topics you are least sure of.
   2. You can access the course web site either through Blackboard or through the public web (no login), www.cll.wa/yne.eduisp/drbowen/casw03
   3. Reminder: sign in at the beginning of class; sign out at the end.
   4. Online grade reports are available if you have first used the Course Information Form to change the information under "GradeReports" from No to Yes.
   5. If you want to go over your grades with me, without using the Online Grade Reports, see me outside of class.
   6. Reminder: If you were not at the first class for this course (January 15), you need to read the Syllabus, particularly the sections on Materials; Grading; Assignment Schedule; Late Assignments, Missed Classes, Quizzes or Exams; and Grading Scale. For each class you did not attend, access and read Agenda before the next class. If you have any questions about the Syllabus or Agendas, contact me outside of class. If you miss a Quiz or Exam, call me as soon as possible about a makeup.
2. Passbacks and comments. So far, the assignments are not coming in on time, except for a few people.

3. Topics we will cover in class tonight:

   1. Word processing using Microsoft Word (VIII.C)
   2. Selection in Windows (review and continuation). (VIII.C.7)
   3. Fonts and font types (VIII.C.8.a)
   4. Functions of a word processor (VIII.D)
   5. Difference between Save and Save As... (VIII.C.10)
   6. Representing text in a computer. File sizes for text and word processing files. (IX)
   7. Truth tables and switch circuits
4. Word processing
   1. Overview of word processing using MS Word. Word Processing is for managing text.
      1. Open Microsoft Word.
      2. File menu handles files as a whole. Open, save, print
      3. Text creation or entry: making new text. Done with the keyboard in the document window. Type some text, a line or so.
      4. Edit - change text, including its order. Cut, Copy, Paste, Find, Replace
      5. Select text by dragging over it, or click at one end of selection (beginning or end) then use arrow keys with <Shift> key down to move selection or click at other end (end or beginning) with <Shift> key down. Click on the selection and hold the mouse button down until the cursor shows a box hanging underneath the arrow. If you do not release the mouse button, but keep it down, and the cursor shows the box underneath, you can then drag the text to another location and release the mouse button to drop the text there. This is called Drag 'N Drop. It is equivalent to Cut and Paste.
      6. Keyboard editing. the arrow keys will skip over letters without changing them, <Backspace> deletes letters to the left of the insertion point, and <Delete> deletes letters to the right of the insertion point..
      7. Selection in Windows - selecting an object or section for action. Drag over SOME of your text to select it. The selected text is "highlighted" -- shown in reverse colors. This is the normal Windows signal that something is selected for further action.
         1. "Typing Replaces Selection" is the default. With some of your text selected, and while watching the screen all the time, type something on the keyboard. What happened to your selection?
         2. You can bring the text back with Edit > Undo, or use the toolbar button ( - Redo is grayed out here) that works for multiple levels.
         3. You can change "Typing Replaces Selection in Tools > Options > Edit. Click or unclick "Typing Replaces Selection," then click OK.
         4. Auto correction is another feature that you may want to control. This makes corrections as you type, without notice. To change how this option works, use Tools > AutoCorrect...
         5. Again, select some text by dragging over it with the mouse. 
         6. Copy the selected text to the Windows "clipboard" (a virtual holding location for data) by selecting the Edit / Copy menu item. Alternate action: <Ctrl>C.
         7. Move the insertion point (the "I-Beam" cursor) to another point in the document. Copy the selection into this document using the menu item Edit / Paste. Alternate action: <Ctrl>V
      8. Format - change the appearance of text
         1. Font - applies to individual letters
            1. Serif (for example, Times Roman or Courier) Vs San Serif (for example, Arial)
            2. Monospacing (all letters the same width, for example Courier) Vs Proportional (i is narrow, w is wide, for example Times Roman)
            3. True Type - print is the same as the screen. Either the font listing has a "TT" icon in front of it, or "New" in the name, or both. Example, Courier New, Times New Roman (Microsoft)
         2. Paragraph - applies to whole paragraph. Line spacing, indent, outdent or hanging
            1. Start a new line with <Enter> key, but start a new page with Insert / Break... / Page break, or better yet by grouping text to be kept together. to do this, start a new page if break will come in the middle. Select text that is to be kept on the same page, then use Format / Paragraph... / Line and Page Breaks then select both Keep lines together and Keep with next, then click "OK."
      9. Tools - automate actions, such as Spell Check and Grammar Check, Auto Correct - can be turned on and off item by item. Also configure Word for the way you want it to work - Tools / Customize... and Tools / Options...
      10. Save and Save As... Make sure you have some text in the Microsoft Word document window.
          1. Save Vs Save As... - Save repeats the last Save As..., use Save As... whenever you want to change the path (drive, folder, name)
          2. When to type the extension, and when not to (this depends on whether or not "Hide File Extensions..." is clicked or not in the Folder Options that are set in Windows Explorer.
          3. Save the new version using the diskette icon on the Word toolbar. Alternate action: Use the menu item File / Save.
          4. Save the new version under a new name using the menu item File / Save As... Check that the save location is still the floppy diskette (A:) and type in a new file name, changing the name but not the extension. (Depending on how your computer is set up, you may not see the extension. If you cannot see the extension, you cannot change it anyway, but in that case do not type an extension or you will end up with a file name like "file.doc.doc".)
          5. The difference between Save and Save As...:
             1. Save repeats the path for the last Save As... - drive, folders, name, extension and file type
             2. Use Save As... to change any part(s) or all of the path - drive, folder(s), filename and extension.

          NOTE 1: To move text, "Cut" it first, then paste it in the new location.
          NOTE 2: Using Cut / Copy and Paste, you can move or copy a selection within a document as well as between documents. You can also move or copy between applications, such as between a word processing document and a spreadsheet.
          NOTE 3: Use File Save... in the following circumstances: (a) the first time you save a new document (if you choose File / Save the first time, you will actually get File / Save As...), (b) When you want to change the name, location or file format of the file (the original copy will continue to exist) or (c) when you want to double-check the name, location or file type (select Save As..., check that everything is the way you want, then click Cancel). Later, we will even cut/copy and paste files from one drive to another, and parts of graphics, too. Cut/Copy and Paste is very general and easy to use in Windows.
          NOTE 4: To move text within the same document, you may prefer "Drag 'n Drop. to use Drag 'n Drop, you first select the text to be moved by dragging the mouse over it, then release the mouse button, then click and hold. A small box should appear beneath the mouse icon. This is the sign that you can now drag the text to the desired location.

          6. Close your file but leave Word open.
             1. In the upper right corner of the Word window, there are two sets of controls. Click on the lower "X" to close your file.
                
          7. Close Word by clicking on the upper "X"
      11. Weak Vs strong formatting methods. Weak methods must be redone if you make other formatting changes; strong methods do not have to be redone. Strong methods give you much greater freedom in changing a document, which is what word processing is really about. The printed document may look the same whether you use weak or strong methods, and so will get you by for the labs, but on Quizzes and Exams you will turn in the file, and weak methods will result in substantial loss of credit. The lab book (spiral bound) teaches you the strong methods; follow them! Example: different ways of centering a title
          1. (weakest) Use the space bar. Problems are that this must be redone if you (besides not getting you to the exact center):
             1. Break lines at another point
             2. Change font, font size or attributes such as bolding
             3. Change page or paragraph margins
          2. (weak but stronger) Use a center tab. Problems are that this must be redone if you:
             1. Change page or paragraph margins
          3. (strong) Use center alignment
      12. If you make a mistake in the file name or the folder it is in, you can fix these easily in Windows Explorer. Simply move or drag the file to the right folder, or to change the name, click once on the letters to select the file, click again on the letters to start editing, and click a third time on the letters to put the insertion point in the middle of the letters. You can edit using the arrow keys, backspace and delete keys. Click on the icon or tap <Esc> when you are done editing the file name.
   2. Word processors in general
      1. The primary function of a word processor is to manage text or words. This includes:
         1. Entering, moving, deleting and copying text
         2. Formatting, or changing the appearance of text as to alignment (centering etc.); orientation such as horizontal and vertical; font face, size and attributes such as bold and italic; formatting paragraphs such as indenting, skipping lines before and after, and changing the line space
         3. While-file operations such as saving documents in a file, opening an existing file and saving a file with a different path (file, folders, name).
      2. Common "extra" functions include
         1. Writer's aids such as spell check and grammar check
         2. Adding graphics, either from a file or by a drawing tool
         3. Customizing letters for a group of people (Mail Merge)
         4. Importing and exporting to other word processor formats and to and from HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language, or web format)
5. Representing text in a computer. Last class we went over the ASCII code. But wait! There is more! ASCII, ANSI and Unicode.
   1. The ASCII code has 128 characters (one more than we will use in this course) from 0 to 127; 32 non-printing control codes, codes 0 through 31, and then 96 printing characters, codes 32 through 127. How many bits does it take to represent this many codes? Answer: _____
   2. Some applications, namely Internet email, use just this many bits, but most applications use 1 byte = 8 bits, resulting in 256 codes from _____ to _____? What are the codes above 127 used for? In "extended ASCII" these are graphics codes for shapes. There were used by earlier IBM/Intel computers for drawing boxes and similar shapes on the screen, using monospacing characters. But now Windows can draw graphics directly using bitmaps, so the high-order text codes use the ANSI (American National Standards Institute, the group promulgating this standard) code. ANSI = ASCII for the low-order codes 0 - 127, and the higher codes are characters in foreign languages, mainly European languages (ç and è, for example). Windows uses the ANSI code instead of ASCII.
   3. With the internationalization of computers, many more characters are needed. "Unicode" represents each character by 2 bytes, resulting in 65,536 codes. This is apparently almost enough codes to represent all of the major alphabets, and is the new recommended standard. The first codes are the ANSI codes, followed by other alphabets. Windows supports Unicode as well as ANSI.
   4. Formatting. The basic storage requirements for text by itself is (number of characters) × (bytes per character). A text file (*.txt) such as produced by Notepad or Word Save As Text will be exactly this size, but will have no formatting. Formatting changes the appearance of text, such as Bold, Italics, Font, Font Size, Alignment (left, right, center), margins, indents and so forth. These are extra codes (bytes) that you do not see on the screen, but which command the word processor to change the appearance. The codes are proprietary (secret) and a different for each word processor. This is the main reason why word processing files from different programs can be incompatible. (The exception is web pages or Hyper Text Markup Language or HTML) which use a common, non-proprietary, public set of markup or formatting codes.) Formatting commands increase the size of a file. Here we will represent this effect by a "Formatting Size Factor" which will multiply the raw file size for the number of characters. In problems and exams, you will be given the Formatting Size Factor. Typical values range from 10 to 20.
   5. File sizes for text and word processing files. The file size formula (will not be given) is:
      File size in bytes = (number of characters) × (bytes per character) × (Formatting Size Factor). You should know that for pure text files (*.txt) the Formatting Size Factor is 1 (no increase in size).
   6. In Chapter 5, Computers, Technology and Society mentions EBCDIC, which used to be important, but EBCDIC will not be part of this course.
6. Truth Table and Switch Circuits (handout)
7. Lab 5. Read the following steps all the way through before starting. Please label your work "Lab 5."
   1. In Microsoft Office 2000 Professional, do Word Tutorial 4 (Maroon corners, pages WD 4.01 through WD 4.27). If you are going to do this outside of this lab, make sure that you know which pages to work on before you leave class tonight. Do not print out your document until you have completed the additional steps below.
   2. In this tutorial, you create a new file, from scratch. You do not start form an existing file, so there is no file to download.
   3. At the top of your document, put a line with:
      1. Your name
      2. This Assignment (Lab 5)
      3. Your location (Wayne County Center)
      4. The full path (drive, any folders, and filename) that you saved the file with.
   4. After this information, but before your newsletter, start a new page using the menu item Insert / Break... / Page break
   5. Save the file to your floppy diskette. DO NOT SAVE TO THE My Documents FOLDER as you are instructed in the book.
   6. Print out a copy of your file, staple the pages together, and turn in this copy, by the start of the next class. This should include the cover page.
   7. As a result of your work in this lab, you should be able to do the following under test conditions:
      1. Start Word, beginning with the computer off.
      2. Create and Save a new file
      3. Use WordArt, including font choice, formatting, shape, resizing, rotating and anchoring
      4. Format text into columns, including balancing columns
      5. Insert clip art and resize, crop, and set word wrap
      6. Use drop caps
      7. Insert symbols and special characters
      8. Draw a border around a page
      9. Saving, previewing and printing
      10. Exit Word
   8. To practice these without the detailed directions in the Tutorial, look at the Review Assignment and Case Problems on Pages WD 4.27 through 4.33.
8. Don't forget to Sign Out!
9. Turning your computer off
   1. Save any files that you have worked on during the class and still have open
   2. Click on "Start" then Shut Down...
   3. Make sure that "Shut down the computer" is selected and click "Yes"
   4. Wait for the dialog "It is now safe to turn off your computer.", then turn off the power using the red switch under the desktop.

Assignment 7, due in class February 26. Please label your work "Assignment 7."

1. A page of text contains about 5,000 characters, and a floppy diskette has a capacity of 1.44 MB (about 1,440,000 bytes).
   1. How many pages of plain text can fit onto a floppy diskette using ANSI coding? (Hint: how many bytes per page of text?)
   2. How many pages of formatted text above can fit onto a floppy diskette, using a Formatting Size Factor of 15?
   3. How many pages of plain text can fit onto a floppy diskette using Unicode?
2. Identify the following items as either (a) a file path or (b) a URL, AND list the parts of each:
   1. c:\MyDocuments\classes\gst2710\agenda.doc
   2. http://www.cll.wayne.edu/MyDocuments/classes/gst2710/agenda.doc
3. Explain the difference between Save and save As...
4. In Computers, Technology, and Society, answer the following Review questions on Pp 6-38 and following: 4, 7, 9 and 10.
5. In Microsoft Office 2000 Professional, read tutorial EX1 (Excel) in preparation for Lab next week.
6. Look over Midterm Topics handout and come to class prepared to ask about those topics you are least sure of.
7. As part of the Assignment 7 to be turned in with the rest of the questions, do the Homework sheet on Truth Tables and Switch Circuits