Agenda 3

Courses Wayne State University College of Urban, Labor, and Metroplolitan Affairs (CULMA) Department of Interdisciplinary Studies (DIS) Computers and Society courses, Winter 2003 (Bowen) at blackboard.wayne.edu Wednesdays, 6 - 9:40 PM in Computer Classroom 16 at WACC Computers and Society GST 2710, Section 986, CRN 25072, 4 credits Computers and Society AGS 3360, Section 986, CRN 25009, 4 credits Office hours: Wednesdays 5 - 6 PM at WACC	Instructor
	David R. Bowen 2311 A/AB Wayne State University Detroit, MI 48202	Daytime tel: (313) 577-1498 Evening tel: (248) 549-8518 FAX: (313) 577-8585 Home Page: http://www.cll.wayne.edu/isp/drbowen Email: d.r.bowen@wayne.edu

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Last updated: 1/29/03

Third class: Agenda 3
Monday January 29

Reminder: sign in at the beginning of class; sign out at the end. The online form is on the course BlackBoard web site at http://blackboard.wayne.edu.
Announcements:
1. Quiz 1 at the beginning of class next week February 5, 30 minute limit. Four to five questions chosen from the list of topics covered during the first three classes.
  1. What will the Quiz be like? Expect four to five questions, based on "Topics we will cover in class tonight" from Agendas 1, 2 and 3. The Quiz will be on a sheet of paper, with space for your work and answers on the sheet. You should also expect some work using the computer to put folders and files on a floppy diskette.
  2. Reminder: If you miss a Quiz or Exam, remember about calling in to schedule a makeup quickly.
2. Miss a class? Get the handouts from the course web site and read them, contact me for questions. If you need a review, I am here for office hours, 5 - 6 PM or make an appointment if you need more time. Changes to the course web site on BlackBoard. All of the course documents, at least for the time being, are now under "External Links," not under "Course Documents."
3. Second notice: changes in syllabus (Syllabus has been changed on line to show these)
  1. Your personal web page on the course web site. Do not include anything in your personal web page that you do not want public. Examples of what could go on your personal web page are: your name, your picture (from the course photo album or elsewhere), favorite saying, about this course, about College in general, about your family and friends, pets, pet peeve, favorite band / songs / movie, etc. The web page will be due on March 26.
  2. A 3-to-4 page essay on one of the chapters LIF, PRV, IPE or INT in Computers, Society and Technology is due on April 23. The essay should have a Heading, Title, Introduction and Conclusion, and should have content based on the Chapter, any information that you want to bring in from your existing knowledge (this is NOT a research paper) and your own opinion or conclusions. The Heading should contain (a) Course and Semester, (b) your name, and (c) the Chapter you have chosen to write on.
4. I will be taking pictures again for the course web site. This is not a requirement of the course.
Passbacks and comments
1. Please label work correctly, e.g. Assignment 2 or Lab 1. They are both on the Agenda, so calling it Agenda 2 does not help.
2. Cover sheet not needed - save a tree
3. Do not copy the questions over - I have already read them more times than I want to
4. Show your work for partial credit - carries for binary addition
5. Radio buttons and check boxes - if one is marked, it is selected
6. If a window is active, then (a) title bar is blue not gray, taskbar button is depressed, and the window is on top of all other windows.
7. If you missed points on the binary problems, review the addition facts (list). Try making flash cards for them.
Topics we will cover in class tonight:
1. Review of binary counting, addition, multiplication, powers of two, and conversion from binary to decimal
2. Conversion from decimal to binary, number of values that can be represented in n bits, highest and lowest values
3. Representing colors and graphics in a computer
4. Representing text in a computer
5. Starting selected programs
6. Right-drag
7. Files - path, parts of a path, extension. Hierarchical file system. URL - method, server, path
8. Making folders using Windows Explorer
9. Parts of a window and their active aspects (continued)
10. Starting and using Windows Explorer - also getting to see file extensions, and file paths
11. Word processing using Microsoft Word
12. Fonts and font types
13. Functions of a word processor
14. Selection in Windows, "Typing replaces selection"
15. Difference between Save and Save As...

Binary

Review of counting (adding one), addition, multiplication, powers of two, conversion from binary to decimal

1	2	4	8	16	32	64	128	256	512	1024
2⁰	2¹	2²	2³	2⁴	2⁵	2⁶	2⁷	2⁸	2⁹	2¹⁰
1	10	100	1000	4 0s	5 0s	6 0s	7 0s	8 0s	9 0s	10 0s

Converting decimal to binary
1. Write down powers of 2 in decimal that are not greater than the number to be converted (Example: in converting 35, list 2⁰ = 1, 2¹ = 2, 2² = 4, 2³ = 8, 2⁴ = 16, 2⁵ = 32, and stop there because 64 is greater than 35.)
2. Start from the largest power of 2 and work you way all of the way down to 1. Starting with the largest, compare it to the number to be converted. If the number to be converted is larger than or equal to the power of 2, write down the power of 2 in binary, and subtract the power of 2 from the number to be converted; this is the new number to be converted. Otherwise go to the next lower power of 2 without writing down the power of 2 in binary.
3. Continue through the powers of 2. At the end, add up all of the binary numbers that you have written down. The result is the number converted to binary. Since decimal to binary conversion offers more chances for mistakes, and binary to decimal is so simple, I recommend checking a decimal to binary conversion by converting the result back to binary. If the two binary numbers are the same, you can be confidant of your result.
Number of values in n bits = 2ⁿ, with the lowest value being all 0s = 0, and the highest value being all 1s = 2ⁿ - 1. These formulae will be given on quizzes and exams.

How does a computer represent colors? Monitors, and most color printers, represent colors by combining various intensities of the three primary colors Red, Green and Blue (RGB). The intensity of each of the three is a number from zero to 255. How many bits? How many shades? Zero is none of that shade, and 0, 0, 0 is black. 255 is the maximum intensity, and 255, 255, 255 is white. The result is a 256³ different shades, or slightly over 16 million different colors. The screen or page is divided into dots or pixels (picture cells - get it?) and each pixel has a shade given by its own R, G and B codes. A typical screen these days is 1280 pixels wide and 1024 pixels high, and so requires.3 × 1280 × 1024 =
Representing text - ASCII code
NON-PRINTING OR CONTROL CHARACTERS, NOT USED IN THIS CLASS, INCLUDED FOR
INTEREST ONLY
0 Null (nothing)
7 Bell
8 Back space
9 Tab
10 Line feed (new line at present column)
13 Carriage return (return to beginning of line)
26 End of file
27 [Esc] (Escape key)

ASCII CHARACTER CODES
32 [space]   64 @   96 `
33 !         65 A   97 a
34 "         66 B   98 b
35 #         67 C   99 c
36 $         68 D 100 d
37 %         69 E 101 e
38 &         70 F 102 f
39 '         71 G 103 g
40 (         72 H 104 h
41 )         73 I 105 i
42 *         74 J 106 j
43 +         75 K 107 k
44 ,         76 L 108 l
45 -         77 M 109 m
46 .         78 N 110 n
47 /         79 O 111 o
48 0         80 P 112 p
49 1         81 Q 113 q
50 2         82 R 114 r
51 3         83 S 115 s
52 4         84 T 116 t
53 5         85 U 117 u
54 6         86 V 118 v
55 7         87 W 119 w
56 8         88 X 120 x
57 9         89 Y 121 y
58 :         90 Z 122 z
59 ;         91 [ 123 {
60 <         92 \ 124 |
61 =         93 ] 125 }
62 >         94 ^ 126 ~
63 ?         95 _
Starting selected programs - how do you start the following programs, on the classroom computers
1. Windows Explorer
2. WordPad
3. Internet Explorer
4. Word
Computer systems and software
1. Right drag - in Windows Explorer, you can right-drag (drag using the right mouse button) a file from one location to another. When you let up on the button, you get a menu with choices of Copy, Move, Make shortcut or Cancel. (Microsoft Office 2000 Professional WIN98 Pp2.21 and 2.2.)
2. Windows basics (continued)
  1. Active elements of windows. What are the parts of a window? What can you use them for (what aspect of this part is active)? To work along, start Microsoft Word using Start > Programs > Microsoft Word.
    1. Title bar - uses are see what the window is (its title), to show if window is activated (blue for activated, gray for inactivated), to show what file you have open, and to move the window by dragging on it (this is the active aspect)
    2. Minimize / Maximize / Close boxes at the right end of the title bar
      1. Minimize = reduce window back to an icon
      2. Maximize = make window take up whole screen
      3. Close = leave the application
      4. When a window is maximized, its maximize button turns into double overlapping boxes. Click this button to return the window to its original (smaller) size.
    3. Control box at left end of title bar, duplicates actions of close and other boxes at the right.
    4. Menu Bar - a written list of options that drops down when you click on the text on the menu bar. Click on the option you you want to choose it. Usually just below the Title Bar, but it can be moved around, so be ready to look for it on an Exam.
    5. Icon - a small picture indicating a file that can be started or run with a double-click or alternately, use a single click and then tap the <Enter> key
    6. Button - a rectangular picture that looks like a button, often with a label or icon, that takes an action when it is (single-)clicked. A button changes color and shape slightly when "clicked" or "depressed."
    7. Tool bar - a bar of buttons with icons, usually just below the menu bar, that are shortcuts for menu items. Toolbars are often a way to work more efficiently. For example, do exactly the same things as the File > Open and File > Save buttons, and let you work faster. Clicking on diskette icon on the left is exactly equivalent to the File > Save menu action.
    8. Scroll bars - bars at the right side and/or bottom of the screen with up and down arrowheads and an "elevator box." These are for moving ("scrolling") through a long text file. The elevator box ("box") shows your location within the file, and how much of the document is showing on the screen. Click on the arrowheads (a, d) for small movements. Click on the bar near the arrowhead (c, d) to move one full screen at a time. Drag the elevator box for large movements (fastest for large documents). Try all three.
    9. Border - use it to resize -- mouse cursor changes shape to double-headed left-right arrow - drag on the border (left-right or up-down only)
    10. Resize Box. You can resize in both the horizontal and vertical directions by dragging on the resize box in the lower right corner of the window.
    11. Status bar. A bar along the bottom of the window that gives status information, What gets on here varies from one Application to another.
    12. Dialog: a collection of active elements to accomplish a multipart task. Dialogs are windows, so they have title bars. We will identify dialogs by their title -- the text on the title bar. When you save a file for the first time in Word, you use the "Save As..." dialog.
    13. Pull-down list - a line of text with a down-pointing arrowhead to the right. When you click the arrowhead, a list of options drop down. Click on the option you want to choose it.
      1. On the Save As... dialog, you use the pull-down drive list to choose drive a:
    14. List box - a list of choices inside a box, with the chosen item shown above the list.
      1. On the Open dialog, you use the list box of file names
  2. Managing windows - double click on the time in the tray (bottom-right corner of the screen). This will open up the clock window.
    1. Open an icon into a window - double-click the icon
    2. Moving - drag on title bar
    3. Resizing - drag on border -- dragging on a corner can change height and width at once
    4. Closing
    5. Maximizing / minimizing
    6. Bring to front, same as activating -- single click on a window anywhere to do this
  3. Windows usually gives you several methods for doing anything. For example, to close or exit from a program, you can do any one of the following:
    1. Click the program's Close Box (X) in its upper right corner
    2. Choose the menu item File, and then Exit
    3. In some cases, <Ctrl>Q (means to hold down the <Ctrl> key and tap Q while <Ctrl> is down.
3. Files
  1. What is a file?
    1. Collection of related information
    2. Exists in secondary (permanent) storage (files downloaded over the Internet, email or other network do not exist in secondary storage unless and until you save them).
    3. Has a name - filename and extension: filename.ext, at least in Windows. (Macintosh computers do not use file extensions.)
    4. Wildcards -- ? stands for any one character. * stands for any number of characters (including zero characters). For example, *.exe stands for a file with any name and an extension of exe. In Microsoft Excel, there are several file types, whose extensions start with xl. This can be indicated by *.xl*
    5. The filename identifies (or should) the content of the file for you, the user. When saving a file, Windows applications will propose a filename, but you should usually change this to describe the content for you, such as "SyllabusW03.htm"
    6. The extension, in Windows, tells the system which application created the file, and what type of file it is. Examples: *.doc is document produced by Microsoft Word, *.xls is a spreadsheet produced by Microsoft Excel, *.htm or *.html is a web page, and so forth. When saving a file, Windows applications will propose an extension. Do not change this proposed or default extension, or you may have trouble finding and opening the file.
  2. In Windows, you work with files directly using Windows Explorer (not Internet Explorer). Microsoft puts Windows Explorer in different places. Start Windows Explorer as follows (Windows 2000): use Start > Programs > Accessories, then look for an icon that is a file folder with a blue magnifying glass on top (). If there is a double-down arrowhead () at the bottom of the Programs list, that means that Windows is hiding seldom-used items, and you should either (a) wait briefly until Windows decides to show all items, or (b) click on the down arrow to force showing all items immediately. (In earlier versions of Windows, Windows Explorer is under Start > Windows.)
    1. By default, Windows Explorer hides most extensions from you, but in this course you will want to see the extensions. To raise the stakes, all applications follow the settings of Windows Explorer. Here is how to make Windows Explorer (and the other applications) to show you file extensions:
      1. Choose the menu item Tools > Folder Options > View
      2. Make sure that "Hide extensions for known file types" is unclicked
      3. Click the <OK> button
  3. Hierarchical file system. ("Hierarchical" means "like an outline," and with respect to files, refers to the existence of folders, sub-folders, sub-sub folders etc.)
    1. Directories / folders. A directory can contain files and other directories (sub-directories), while a file contains data. Does a folder contain data? Only indirectly, in its files. The direct answer is, "No, a folder does not contain data."
    2. Tree
    3. Path - drive, folder(s), file name, extension
      1. Root directory
      2. Examples:
        C:\
        C:\STUDENTS
        C:\STUDENTS\SECT571
      3. "Path" means path to a file, including the directory and file name. Example:
        C:\STUDENTS\SECT571\PROSPECTUS.WPS
      4. The tree in the figure above represents the path C:\Comp&Soc\CASW03\www2\Dum\Signin.txt
      5. Windows Explorer will also show you the path - Tools > Folder Options > View then make sure that "Display the full path in the address bar" and "Display the full path in title bar" are both checked, then tap the <OK> key
      6. Local drives Vs Network drives. Local drives are physically attached to your computer, while network drives are on another computer, accessed through a network connection.
    4. The path and tree are different representations of the same information
    5. On exams, you will often be given a path to save a file to. "Walk the path" from left to right - drive, folder(s), then lastly the file.
    6. Web URL - Universal Resource Locator, for example
      http://www.cll.wayne.ed/isp/drbowen/casw01/welcome.htm
      - Parts are method, Domain Name (of web server computer), path and file
  4. Making folders on a floppy diskette using Windows Explorer
    1. Insert a floppy diskette into the diskette drive.
      1. The writing ("HD") is on on the top of the diskette. The metal door is on the front of the diskette. Put the diskette into the topside up and front first.
      2. Push firmly until the computer takes the disk in the rest of the way. If the diskette sticks, do not force it.
    2. If Windows Explorer is on the taskbar, click on its button to make it active. If not, open it from Start > Programs > Accessories
    3. In the Folders window on the left, scroll up and find the A: icon, and click on it to select it.
    4. Use the File > New menu item and select Folder.
    5. Type a name for your new Folder, for example MyFirstFolder.
    6. Make a sub-folder as follows:
      1. Double-click on the icon for your new folder to open it. (Clicking on the letters is apt to start the process for changing the name, which will be confusing.)
      2. Use the File > New > Folder menu item and type a name for your new sub-folder.
    7. Notice that the sub-folder is inside the first folder.
      1. How would you make a new top-level folder?
      2. How would you make a sub-sub folder?
      3. How would you make a new sub-folder at the same level as your first sub-folder?
    8. If you get something wrong, don't take the long way of deleting everything and starting over - just drag the folder to where you want it.
4. Overview of word processing using MS Word. Word Processing is for managing text.
  1. If Microsoft Word is still open, activate it. Otherwise, open Microsoft Word using Start > Programs > Word.
  2. File menu handles files as a whole. Open, save, print
  3. Text creation or entry: making new text. Done with the keyboard in the document window
  4. Edit - change text, including its order. Cut, Copy, Paste, Find, Replace
  5. Select text by dragging over it, or click at one end of selection (beginning or end) then use arrow keys with <Shift> key down to move selection or click at other end (end or beginning) with <Shift> key down
  6. Format - change the appearance of text
    1. Font - applies to individual letters
      1. Serif (for example, Times Roman or Courier) Vs San Serif (for example, Arial)
      2. Monospacing (all letters the same width, for example Courier) Vs Proportional (i is narrow, w is wide, for example Times Roman)
      3. True Type - print is the same as the screen. Either the font listing has a "TT" icon in front of it, or "New" in the name, or both. Example, Courier New, Times New Roman (Microsoft)
    2. Paragraph - applies to whole paragraph. Line spacing, indent, outdent or hanging
      1. "Weaker" methods are Space Bar and Tab for centering, indenting, etc.
      2. Start a new line with <Enter> key, but start a new page with Insert / Break... / Page break, or better yet by grouping text to be kept together. to do this, start a new page if break will come in the middle. Select text that is to be kept on the same page, then use Format / Paragraph... / Line and Page Breaks then select both Keep lines together and Keep with next, then click "OK."
  7. Tools - automate actions, such as Spell Check and Grammar Check, Auto Correct - can be turned on and off item by item. Also configure Word for the way you want it to work - Tools / Customize... and Tools / Options...
  8. Type some text, a line or so.
  9. Selection in Windows - selecting an object or section for action. Drag over SOME of your text to select it.
    1. "Typing Replaces Selection" is the default. With some of your text selected, and while watching the screen all the time, type something on the keyboard. What happened to your selection?
    2. You can change "Typing Replaces Selection in Tools > Options > Edit. Click or unclick "Typing Replaces Selection," then click OK.
    3. Auto correction is another feature that you may want to control. This makes corrections as you type, without notice. To change how this option works, use Tools > AutoCorrect...
  10. Save and Save As... Make sure you have some text in the Microsoft Word document window.
    1. Save Vs Save As... - Save repeats the last Save As..., use Save As... whenever you want to change the path (drive, folder, name)
  11. More about using Word
    1. Select some text by dragging over it with the mouse. The selected text is "highlighted" -- shown in reverse colors. This is the normal Windows signal that something is selected for further action.
    2. Copy the selected text to the Windows "clipboard" (a virtual holding location for data) by selecting the Edit / Copy menu item. Alternate action: <Ctrl>C.
    3. Move the insertion point (the "I-Beam" cursor) to another point in the document. Copy the selection into this document using the menu item Edit / Paste. Alternate action: <Ctrl>V
    4. Save the new version using the diskette icon on the Word toolbar. Alternate action: Use the menu item File / Save.
    5. Save the new version under a new name using the menu item File / Save As... Check that the save location is still the floppy diskette (A:) and type in a new file name, changing the name but not the extension. (Depending on how your computer is set up, you may not see the extension. If you cannot see the extension, you cannot change it anyway.
    6. The difference between Save and Save As...:
      1. Save repeats the last Save As... - drive, folders, name, extension and file type
      2. Use Save As... to change any one or more of the above items in Save.
    NOTE 1: To move text, "Cut" it first, then paste it in the new location.
    NOTE 2: Using Cut / Copy and Paste, you can move or copy a selection within a document as well as between documents. You can also move or copy between applications, such as between a word processing document and a spreadsheet.
    NOTE 3: Use File Save... in the following circumstances: (a) the first time you save a new document (if you choose File / Save the first time, you will actually get File / Save As...), (b) When you want to change the name, location or file format of the file (the original copy will continue to exist) or (c) when you want to double-check the name, location or file type (select Save As..., check that everything is the way you want, then click Cancel). Later, we will even cut/copy and paste files from one drive to another, and parts of graphics, too. Cut/Copy and Paste is very general and easy to use in Windows.
    NOTE 4: To move text within the same document, you may prefer "Drag 'n Drop. to use Drag 'n Drop, you first select the text to be moved by dragging the mouse over it, then release the mouse button, then click and hold. A small box should appear beneath the mouse icon. This is the sign that you can now drag the text to the desired location.
    1. Close your file but leave Word open.
      1. In the upper right corner of the Word window, there are two sets of controls. Click on the lower "X" to close your file.
    2. Close Word by clicking on the upper "X"
5. Word processors in general
  1. The primary function of a word processor is to manage text or words. This includes:
    1. Entering, moving, deleting and copying text
    2. Formatting, or changing the appearance of text as to alignment (centering etc.); orientation such as horizontal and vertical; font face, size and attributes such as bold and italic; formatting paragraphs such as indenting, skipping lines before and after, and changing the line space
    3. While-file operations such as saving documents in a file, opening an existing file and saving a file with a different path (file, folders, name).
  2. Common "extra" functions include
    1. Writer's aids such as spell check and grammar check
    2. Adding graphics, either from a file or by a drawing tool
    3. Customizing letters for a group of people (Mail Merge)
    4. Importing and exporting to other word processor formats and to and from HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language, or web format)
Lab 2. Read the following steps all the way through before starting.
1. In Microsoft Office 2000 Professional, do Word Tutorial 1 (Maroon corners, pages WD 1.03 through WD 1.30). If you are going to do this outside of this lab, make sure that you know which pages to work on before you leave class tonight. Do not print out your document until you have completed the additional steps below.
2. At the top of your document, put a line with:
  1. Your name
  2. This Assignment (Lab 1)
  3. Your location (Rackham)
  4. The full path (drive, any folders, and filename) that you saved the file with.
3. After this information, but before your letter, start a new page using the menu item Insert / Break... / Page break
4. Save the file to your floppy diskette. DO NOT SAVE TO THE My Documents FOLDER as you are instructed in the book.
5. Print out a copy of your file, staple the pages together, and turn in this copy, by the start of the next class. This should include the top line with your name on it. You can print using either:
  1. The printer icon on the toolbar
  2. The menu item File / Print, then click OK on the "Print" dialog.
6. As a result of your work in this lab, you should be able to do the following under test conditions:
  1. Start Word, beginning with the computer off.
  2. Control the Document View to Normal or Print Layout
  3. Display or hide Toolbars and the Ruler
  4. Set Font and Font Size
  5. Display or hide Nonprinting Characters
  6. Open a new blank document and type into it
  7. Save a document to a specified path (drive, folder, file name) using File > Save As...
  8. Use word wrap
  9. Correct errors using autocorrect, spell check and delete
  10. Create vertical spaces using the <Enter> key
  11. Use Print Preview
  12. Print a document
  13. Use online help
  14. Exit Word
7. To practice these without the detailed directions in the Tutorial, look at the Review Assignment and Case Problems on Pages WD 1.31 through 1.36.
Don't forget to Sign Out!
Turning your computer off
1. Save any files that you have worked on during the class and still have open
2. Click on "Start" then Shut Down...
3. Make sure that "Shut down the computer" is selected and click "Yes"
4. Wait for the dialog "It is now safe to turn off your computer.", then turn off the power using the red switch under the desktop.

If you borrowed one of my test diskettes, be sure to turn it back in.

Assignment 4, due in class February 5

Convert the following decimal numbers to binary
1. 3
2. 11
3. 37
4. 197
5. 28
Carry out the following binary multiplications:
1. 11 × 10
2. 110 × 10
3. 1100 × 10
4. 1101 × 11
5. 1101 × 101
Find the lowest number, highest number, and number of different values that can be held in:
1. 5 bits
2. 7 bits
3. 10 bits
A. Translate "Computers and Society." into ASCII
B. Translate the following into regular characters: 84 104 101 32 97 108 112 104 97 98 101 116 32 104 97 115 32 50 54 32 99 104 97 114 97 99 116 101 114 115 46
In Computers, Technology, and Society, answer the following Review questions on Pg 3-47: 4, 8, 9, 10, and 15.
Reading as assigned on the Assignment Schedule